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Wisdom teeth extractions
Wisdom teeth extractions
Wisdom teeth, or third molars, do not always erupt properly when they decide to
make an appearance. It's wise to get an early opinion from your dentist on getting
wisdom teeth pulled before they become impacted - causing pain, swelling, infection,
cavities or gum disease.
Why don't wisdom teeth grow in right?
The shape of the modern human mouth is often too small to accommodate wisdom teeth
which make their first appearance in young adults between the ages of 15 to 25.
Over the course of time, humans learned to harness fire for cooking foods and
developed blade tools to better process food before consumption. They reduced
the need for strong jaws to chew food. According to studies of ancient skull specimens,
over time, a full set of teeth in a smaller jaw caused crowding in permanent teeth
because of lack of space.
What does "impacted" mean?
When wisdom teeth don't have room to grow or they haven't reached their final
position by age 25, they are considered "impacted" - no place to go
and no plans to grow. Third molar impaction is the most prevalent medical developmental
disorder. A full set of healthy teeth sometimes doesn't leave much room for wisdom
teeth to erupt.
What kind of problems can impacted third molars cause?
Partially erupted wisdom teeth are breeding grounds for bacteria and germs that
may cause infection, and cysts and tumors may grow on a trapped wisdom tooth.
Jaw pain and gum disease may occur. Not all wisdom teeth cause problems, however.
Can't I just use an antibiotic?
Antibiotics only soothe infected wisdom teeth for a short time. Since people frequently
use a wide variety of antibiotics, the infection may be resistant to such medication
and doesn't solve the real problem: The tooth can't fit in your mouth.
When is removal necessary?
It isn't wise to wait until wisdom teeth bother you. Early removal, as advised
by your dentist, is generally recommended to avoid problems, such as an impacted
tooth that destroys the second molar. People younger than 16 heal easier too.
At an early age, people should be evaluated by their dentist who can track third
molar development with the help of X-rays. Second molars should be visible to
lessen the chance of damage during surgery. This occurs at age 11 or 12, so wisdom
teeth should be removed when the decision has been made that they cannot erupt
into an acceptable position
What if I don't have any symptoms?
People with symptoms of impaction, such as pain, swelling and infection should
have their wisdom teeth removed immediately. However, those with no symptoms can
avoid the chance of ever suffering from the pain of impacted wisdom teeth or achieve
better orthodontic treatment results by having them removed. Asymptomatic impacted
wisdom teeth also should be removed to reduce the chance of unexplained pain,
accommodate prosthetic appliances, or avoid cavities, periodontal disease, bone
shrinkage and tumor development.
How is the tooth removed?
Surgery for impacted wisdom teeth consists of removing of the gum tissue over
the tooth, gently stripping connective tissue away from the tooth and bone, removing
the tooth and sewing the gum back up.
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Updated July 1997 Sources: William Howard, DMD, MAGD; "The management of
third molar teeth," Dentoalveolar Surgery, February 1997 : "Impacted
lower wisdom tooth: To remove or to leave alone," Dental Update, July/August
1994; "Surgical removal of third molars," British Medical Journal,
September 1994; "lmpactations: Observe or Treat?" West Virginia Dental
Journal. October 1994; "Diseases and lesions associated with third molars,"
Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, February 1995; "Early removal
of wisdom teeth can prevent an array of problems,' Georgia Dental Association
Action, March 1994; "Patient's anxieties with third molar surgery,"
British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, October 1994; "Symptoms
from impacted wisdom teeth," British Journal of Oral and Marillofacial
Surgery, December 1994; "Infections in elderly patients associated with
impacted third molars," Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology. February
1995.
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